In this discussion paper, we look at the potential effects of adopting electric cars and their outcomes on the Kingdom of Bahrains Energy consumption and CO2 emissions. We construct a simplified model that looks at different potential adoption rates of electric vehicles and how this affects transportation energy and emissions outcomes based on assumptions about fuel consumption, internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle fuel efficiencies, and other essential variables. We find that under our assumptions, the Kingdom would see 17% lower energy usage for transportation sector, 0.84% lower overall energy usage, 8% reduction in per year emissions for the transportation sector, and a 0.51% reduction in overall emissions per year.
Smoking is considered one of the leading causes of preventable deaths globally. In Bahrain, smoking prevalence has increased in the last few years which is concerning for policymakers since smoking tobacco, especially cigarettes, has been highly correlated with many illnesses, including lung cancer.
This article aims to demonstrate the extent to which an excise tax can have on demand reduction.
